Weaving-diagram and method of making the same.



PATENTBD NOV. 21, 1905.

J. SZGZEPANIK.

' WEAVING DIAGRAM AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME.

APPLIGATION FILED MAR.25, 1897.

MW WWW UNITED STATES JAN SZCZEPANIK, OF VIENNA, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY,ASSIGNOR, BY DIRECT PATENT OFFICE.

AND MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO BARMEN BANK-VEREIN, HINSBERG, FISCHER & COMP,OF BARMEN, GERMANY, A CORPORATION.

WEAVlNG-DIAGRAM AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 21, 1905.

Application filed March 25, 1897. Serial No. 629,255.

To obi/Z whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J AN SZoznPANIK, a subject of the Emperor ofAustria-Hungary, residing at Vienna, in the Province of Lower Austria,in the Empire of Austria-Hungary, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Veaving-Diagrams and Methods of Making the Same, (forwhich patents have been obtained in Austria, dated October 30, 1896, andregistered Vol. 46, Fol. 4,394, and Belgium, dated December 17, 1896,No. 125,230,) and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear,and exact description of the invention, such as will enable othersskilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to characters ofreference marked thereon, which form a part of this.

specification.

This invention has for its object the production of weaving-diagramsdirectly from drawings or designs in such a manner that the modes ofcrossing or intersecting of the threads of the loom forming the severalshaded parts of the design in a finished fabric will be indicated andthe heretofore necessarily costly and tedious manual determination ofthe various crossings that serve to bring out the outlines, shadings,and shadows will be obviated. This object is attained by producing byphotography a transparency, which may be either a negative or a positivecopy of the original drawing or design that it is desired to weave, tobe used in connection with a superposed or underlying screen composed offields or sets of fields, each field or set of fields of varying degreesof transparency and arranged alternately. In this manner with continuedexposure there are produced on the corresponding portions of thecopying-paper compartments or fields grouped in various ways, dependingupon the lights and shadows of the particular positive or negative used,which fields correspond in their arrangement to the thread-crossingsnecessary to reproduce the design in a woven fabric, and thus a diagramis made by photography from which cards can be perforated directlywithout manually drawing in the design for the card-punching machine.

Referring to the drawings, in which like parts are similarly designated,Figure 1 illustrates a screen constructed according to this invention.Fig. 2 shows part of the same on a larger scale. Fig. 3 illustrates anoriginal drawing or design; Fig. 3, a pattern or weavers design producedwith the aid of the screen. Figs. 4 and 5 represent portions of otherforms of screen; and Figs. 6 to 10 il1us trate the effects of thescreen, Figs. 1 and 2, on the copying-paper.

The screen shown in Figs. 1 and 2 may be composed of any kind oftransparent materialsuch as film, glass, tracing-paper, and the likeandhas quadrilateral portions of, for example, six different degrees oftransparency, which are indicated in Fig. 2 by the numbers 1 to 6 andthere shown as arranged in sets. The squares 1 are quite opaque,(black,) and those 6 are entirely transparent (white,) while those 2 to5 each have a degree of transparency lying between these limits. Thesquares that correspond to shades 3 and 4 are each arranged in diagonalrows, while in the two next diagonal rows the squares 1 and 2 and 5 and6 alternate with each other, as shown in Fig. 2. The whole screen thusconsists of diagonal rows of fields 1 and 2, 4, 3, and 5 and 6, whichconstantly recur in the order mentioned. The degrees of transparency of2, 3, 4, and 5 are different, but such that when squares 2 and 5, aswell as when squares 3 and 4, are added they are equal in opacity to 1.

For the purpose of explaining the mode of operation of this screen inits application to the method of this invention 1 shall first describethe production of patternsseparatel y for each of the most generallyemployed modes of crossing or intersections.

When the screen is copied direct on a sensitized paperthat is to say, isexposed for a longer or shorter time to the action of light without asuperposed or underlying diapositive or negative-there is produced acopy (shown in Fig. 6) in which the white compartments (marked 1) appearupon a black ground, the former corresponding in size, shape, andarrangement to the completely opaque fields 1 of the screen, Fig. 2, andindicate a satin crossing. Vith a sufliciently long exposurethe lightwill act upon all those parts of the underlying copying-paper that areimmediately under the more lightly shaded fields 2 to 6 of the screenwithout distinction of shade of these compartments and will produce thewell-known efiect of overprinting, thereby coloring the print uniformlyunder all of them, while only those parts of the copying-paper under theperfectly opaque fields 1 of the screen will be protected from theaction of the light.

If on the screen, Fig. 1, there be placed a transparency or photographicfilm of a uniform high degree of transparency 5, the fields 2 of thescreen, combined with the film or plate of a density the same as 5, willequal in density that of fields 1, so that by printing the combinedscreen and film on a sensitized paper those fields 2 of the screen willalso protect the paper beneath them from the action of light, and theresult will be a diagram similar to Fig. 7, in which there are diagonalrows of fields I and II on a black or dark ground corresponding to thearrangement known twill-crossing, all of the other fields in the screenbeing overprinted and uniformly dark. 1f before making another printthere be placed on the screen in place of the film of the degree ofdensity 5 a darker plate of the degree of density 4, then the fields 3of the screen will also in like manner, as above described, protect thepaper from the action of light, and the result will be the print, Fig.8, having alternate light and dark squares both in a vertical and alongitudinal direction, producing the well-known design of canvascrossing.

By placing over the screen, Fig. 1, a film or transparency of a uniformdensity 3 twill crossing is again produced with the dark portions V andVI appearing on a white ground, as in Fig. 9, and, finally, by placingover the screen a film having a density of the degree 2 satin crossingis again produced, but with dark squares VI on a white ground, as inFig. 10.

If more modes of crossing are to be produced, the number of degrees oftransparency must be'correspondingly increased.

In carrying out my invention instead of plates or films having only onedegree of transparency-a photographic transparency--the positive ornegative of the design or picture to be woven is laid upon or under thescreen, and said positive or negative may be considered as a platehaving different degrees of transparency at difi'erent placescorresponding to the high lights, shadows, and half-tones in thepicture. If now-this positive or negative, together with the screen, becopied (for instance, in a dark chamber or camera obscura) then theequally lightly shaded portions on the copy will appear as a grouping offields that will at once indicate the mode of crossing that is necessaryfor weaving the same. Also the equally darkly shaded portions willappear as a grouping of fields that corresponds to another definite modeof crossing. Also the intermediate degree of shading will indicate othermodes of crossing.

The copy, Fig. 3, made from a positive or a negative, Fig. 3, isemployed directly as a pattern or design for perforating the cards forthe jacquard mechanism. When the copy is made of a bad conductor ofelectricity upon a good conductor thereof, it can be directly employedin electrically-operated looms or in electrically-operated card-punchingmachines, as described in my patent of the United States No. 701,775,granted June 3, 1902.

A diagram composed of squares that facilitate the taking of acomprehensive view in perforating the cards requires, of course, for itsproduction a screen divided into sets of fields, each field being asquare, and which must be provided with a network of lines in the mannerof the carta-rigata paper, the arrangement being such that each line ofthe network on the screen is double and composed of two parallel lines,of which one is black and the other is white, so that all the blacksquares of the copy will be shown as separated by white lines and all ofthe white squares of the same will be shown as separated by black lines.

The size of the fields of the screen is determined by the size of thepicture to be woven or in the case of recurring designs by the latter.

in the case of large pictures they are divided in proportion to the sizeof the screen, ,and each portion is printed or copied by photography.

As large portions of the picture which are equally shaded and quite darkwill appear quite white on the copying-paper and would not indicate anymodes of crossing, this d rawback is preferably obviated in thefollowing manner:

Before'printing from or copying the positive or negative the screenalone is placed on the paper and exposed for a short time to the light.By this means, as already mentioned with regard to Fig. 6, satincrossing is indicated on the whole of the sensitized surface, but not sosharply as with overexposure. If then the diagram is made as described,those portions of the diagram that correspond to the dark-shaded partsof the positive or negative show the previously-produced satin.crossing, indications which may be taken as the mode of crossing ofthose portions of the picture.

Instead of square fields the screen may be composed of or comprisefields of other shapes, such as strips or hands, Fig. 4, or circularfields, Fig. 5. In the latter case the surface between the circularfields must be made correspondingly dark or opaque.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new therein, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The method of producing weaving-diagrams for making loompatterncards, which consists in passing light through a transparency andsets of fields, each set of fields of the same transparency arranged toindicate a IIO weaving-crossing, onto a sensitized medium, substantiallyas described.

2. The method of producing weaving-diagrams, which consists in passinglight through a finished photographic plate and sets of fields ofdifferent degrees of transparency, onto a sensitized medium, each set offields arranged to indicate a weaving-crossing, substantially asdescribed.

3. The method of producing weaving-diagrams, which consists in passinglight through a transparency and sets of fields in the same plane onto asensitized medium, each set of fields of different transparency andarranged to indicate a different weaving-crossing, substantially asdescribed.

4. The method of producing weaving-diagrams,which consists in passinglight through a finish ed photographic plate and sets of transparentfields onto a sensitized medium, all of the fields of the same set ofthe same degree of transparency and arranged to indicate aweaving-crossing, substantially as described.

5. The method of producing weaving-diagrams, which consists in passinglight through a transparency and sets of fields of difierenttransparency, each set of fields arranged to indicate aweaving-crossing, and sets of fields combining to indicate a differentcrossing, onto a sensitized medium, and Varying the time of exposure,thereby producing images of the photograph indicated by differentweaving-crossings, substantially as described.

6. The method of producing weaving-diagrams, which consists in passinglight through sets of fields, the fields of a set having the same degreeof transparency and arranged to produce a weaving-crossing onto asensitized medium, thereby producing a photographic impression, theninserting between said fields and sensitized mediumafinishedphotographic plate, whereby the image on said plate will be indicated onthe sensitized medium by different sets of fields of differentintensity, substantially as set forth.

7. The method of producing weaving-diagrams, which consists in passinglight through sets of rectangular fields, each set differing in degreeof transparency from another set and the fields of each set arranged toindicate a weaving-crossing different from that indicated by anotherset, and through a finished photographic plate onto a sensitized medium,substantially as set forth.

8. The method of producing weaving-diagrams, which consists in arrangingsets of fields in the order of weaving-crossings, the fields of each setdiffering in arrangement and intensity from those in the others, passinglight simultaneously through the sets of fields and a transparency to asensitized medium, substantially as set forth.

9. The method of producing weaving-diagrams, which consists inpassinglight through sets of rectangular fields, the fields of a set ofthe same degree of transparency and the sets of fields of differentdegrees of transparency, each set arranged to indicate aweaving-crossing and two or more sets combining to indicate a crossingdifferent from an individual set, onto a sensitized paper, then passinglight through said fields and asuitable transparency of the design to bewoven, whereby said design will be printed on the said paper and thevarious parts thereof will directly indicate the tographic impression ofsets of fields, the fields of each set arranged to indicate aweavingcrossing and differing in intensity and ar rangement from thoseof another set, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof] affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JAN SZOZEPANIK.

Witnesses:

, J 0s. RIoI-I. Brsii,

HARRY BELMONT.

